car2:

Car_Stereo_Replacement/docs/10.aux

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+\relax 
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Overview}{1}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces PCB rev 1\relax }}{1}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Items Included}{1}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1}I2C OLED display}{2}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2}Internal AVR Temperature Sensor}{2}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Wiring Pinout is wrong on Internet - Cable has labels}{3}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Arduino VReg Blowout}{3}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Amplifier}{3}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}AC Audio Coupling to Remove DC Noise from Auto}{3}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1}Ground Isolator}{4}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2}Capacitor Audio Coupling}{4}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.1}Impedance / ESR of capacitors failing to pass enough power of signal}{4}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces Notice how impedance jumps very fast with a 1uf cap, compared to the higher values. Additionally, different brands will have different impedances for a similar value cap.\relax }}{5}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.2}Wikipedia on Impedance}{5}}

Car_Stereo_Replacement/docs/10.log

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.17 (TeX Live 2016/Debian) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2019.8.17)  14 FEB 2020 02:53
+entering extended mode
+ restricted \write18 enabled.
+ %&-line parsing enabled.
+**/home/layoutdev/Desktop/code/documentation_general/Electronics_Projects_2019/
+Car_Stereo_Replacement/docs/10.tex
+
+(/home/layoutdev/Desktop/code/documentation_general/Electronics_Projects_2019/C
+ar_Stereo_Replacement/docs/10.tex
+LaTeX2e <2017/01/01> patch level 3
+Babel <3.9r> and hyphenation patterns for 3 language(s) loaded.
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+Document Class: article 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size11.clo
+File: size11.clo 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX file (size option)
+)
+\c@part=\count79
+\c@section=\count80
+\c@subsection=\count81
+\c@subsubsection=\count82
+\c@paragraph=\count83
+\c@subparagraph=\count84
+\c@figure=\count85
+\c@table=\count86
+\abovecaptionskip=\skip41
+\belowcaptionskip=\skip42
+\bibindent=\dimen102
+)
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphicx.sty
+Package: graphicx 2014/10/28 v1.0g Enhanced LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/keyval.sty
+Package: keyval 2014/10/28 v1.15 key=value parser (DPC)
+\KV@toks@=\toks14
+)
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphics.sty
+Package: graphics 2016/10/09 v1.0u Standard LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/trig.sty
+Package: trig 2016/01/03 v1.10 sin cos tan (DPC)
+)
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics-cfg/graphics.cfg
+File: graphics.cfg 2016/06/04 v1.11 sample graphics configuration
+)
+Package graphics Info: Driver file: pdftex.def on input line 99.
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics-def/pdftex.def
+File: pdftex.def 2017/01/12 v0.06k Graphics/color for pdfTeX
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/infwarerr.sty
+Package: infwarerr 2016/05/16 v1.4 Providing info/warning/error messages (HO)
+)
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ltxcmds.sty
+Package: ltxcmds 2016/05/16 v1.23 LaTeX kernel commands for general use (HO)
+)
+\Gread@gobject=\count87
+))
+\Gin@req@height=\dimen103
+\Gin@req@width=\dimen104
+)
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/caption/caption.sty
+Package: caption 2016/02/21 v3.3-144 Customizing captions (AR)
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/caption/caption3.sty
+Package: caption3 2016/05/22 v1.7-166 caption3 kernel (AR)
+Package caption3 Info: TeX engine: e-TeX on input line 67.
+\captionmargin=\dimen105
+\captionmargin@=\dimen106
+\captionwidth=\dimen107
+\caption@tempdima=\dimen108
+\caption@indent=\dimen109
+\caption@parindent=\dimen110
+\caption@hangindent=\dimen111
+)
+\c@ContinuedFloat=\count88
+) (./10.aux)
+\openout1 = `10.aux'.
+
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OML/cmm/m/it on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for T1/cmr/m/n on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OT1/cmr/m/n on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMS/cmsy/m/n on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMX/cmex/m/n on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for U/cmr/m/n on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 7.
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/context/base/mkii/supp-pdf.mkii
+[Loading MPS to PDF converter (version 2006.09.02).]
+\scratchcounter=\count89
+\scratchdimen=\dimen112
+\scratchbox=\box26
+\nofMPsegments=\count90
+\nofMParguments=\count91
+\everyMPshowfont=\toks15
+\MPscratchCnt=\count92
+\MPscratchDim=\dimen113
+\MPnumerator=\count93
+\makeMPintoPDFobject=\count94
+\everyMPtoPDFconversion=\toks16
+) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/pdftexcmds.sty
+Package: pdftexcmds 2016/05/21 v0.22 Utility functions of pdfTeX for LuaTeX (HO
+)
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ifluatex.sty
+Package: ifluatex 2016/05/16 v1.4 Provides the ifluatex switch (HO)
+Package ifluatex Info: LuaTeX not detected.
+)
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ifpdf.sty
+Package: ifpdf 2016/05/14 v3.1 Provides the ifpdf switch
+)
+Package pdftexcmds Info: LuaTeX not detected.
+Package pdftexcmds Info: \pdf@primitive is available.
+Package pdftexcmds Info: \pdf@ifprimitive is available.
+Package pdftexcmds Info: \pdfdraftmode found.
+)
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/oberdiek/epstopdf-base.sty
+Package: epstopdf-base 2016/05/15 v2.6 Base part for package epstopdf
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/oberdiek/grfext.sty
+Package: grfext 2016/05/16 v1.2 Manage graphics extensions (HO)
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/kvdefinekeys.sty
+Package: kvdefinekeys 2016/05/16 v1.4 Define keys (HO)
+))
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/oberdiek/kvoptions.sty
+Package: kvoptions 2016/05/16 v3.12 Key value format for package options (HO)
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/kvsetkeys.sty
+Package: kvsetkeys 2016/05/16 v1.17 Key value parser (HO)
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/etexcmds.sty
+Package: etexcmds 2016/05/16 v1.6 Avoid name clashes with e-TeX commands (HO)
+Package etexcmds Info: Could not find \expanded.
+(etexcmds)             That can mean that you are not using pdfTeX 1.50 or
+(etexcmds)             that some package has redefined \expanded.
+(etexcmds)             In the latter case, load this package earlier.
+)))
+Package epstopdf-base Info: Redefining graphics rule for `.eps' on input line 4
+38.
+Package grfext Info: Graphics extension search list:
+(grfext)             [.png,.pdf,.jpg,.mps,.jpeg,.jbig2,.jb2,.PNG,.PDF,.JPG,.JPE
+G,.JBIG2,.JB2,.eps]
+(grfext)             \AppendGraphicsExtensions on input line 456.
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig/epstopdf-sys.cfg
+File: epstopdf-sys.cfg 2010/07/13 v1.3 Configuration of (r)epstopdf for TeX Liv
+e
+))
+Package caption Info: Begin \AtBeginDocument code.
+Package caption Info: End \AtBeginDocument code.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <12> on input line 9.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <8> on input line 9.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <6> on input line 9.
+
+
+LaTeX Warning: No \author given.
+
+<../pics/DSCN2180.JPG, id=1, 803.0pt x 602.25pt>
+File: ../pics/DSCN2180.JPG Graphic file (type jpg)
+ <use ../pics/DSCN2180.JPG>
+Package pdftex.def Info: ../pics/DSCN2180.JPG used on input line 14.
+(pdftex.def)             Requested size: 321.1943pt x 240.89572pt.
+
+
+Package caption Warning: \captionsetup{type*=...} or \captionof
+(caption)                outside box or environment on input line 15.
+See the caption package documentation for explanation.
+
+LaTeX Font Info:    Try loading font information for OMS+cmr on input line 20.
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/omscmr.fd
+File: omscmr.fd 2014/09/29 v2.5h Standard LaTeX font definitions
+)
+LaTeX Font Info:    Font shape `OMS/cmr/m/n' in size <10.95> not available
+(Font)              Font shape `OMS/cmsy/m/n' tried instead on input line 20.
+ [1
+
+{/var/lib/texmf/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map} <../pics/DSCN2180.JPG>]
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <10.95> on input line 28.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <9> on input line 28.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <5> on input line 28.
+
+Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 44--45
+[]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10.95 https://thecavepearlproject.org/2019/02/25/no-parts-temper
+ature-
+ []
+
+[2] [3] [4]
+<../pics/esr_impedance_capacitance.png, id=25, 697.10437pt x 421.69917pt>
+File: ../pics/esr_impedance_capacitance.png Graphic file (type png)
+
+<use ../pics/esr_impedance_capacitance.png>
+Package pdftex.def Info: ../pics/esr_impedance_capacitance.png used on input li
+ne 73.
+(pdftex.def)             Requested size: 348.55133pt x 210.84906pt.
+
+Overfull \hbox (13.6647pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 81--81
+[] \OT1/cmtt/m/n/10.95 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php\title=Aluminum_elec
+trolytic 
+ []
+
+[5 <../pics/esr_impedance_capacitance.png (PNG copy)>] (./10.aux) ) 
+Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
+ 2609 strings out of 494945
+ 41769 string characters out of 6181032
+ 96830 words of memory out of 5000000
+ 5894 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
+ 10544 words of font info for 37 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
+ 14 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
+ 39i,8n,39p,867b,195s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s
+</usr/share/
+texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmbx10.pfb></usr/share/texliv
+e/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmbx12.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texm
+f-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr10.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/
+fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr12.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/t
+ype1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr6.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/pub
+lic/amsfonts/cm/cmr8.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsf
+onts/cm/cmr9.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/
+cmsy10.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmti10
+.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmtt10.pfb>
+Output written on 10.pdf (5 pages, 376875 bytes).
+PDF statistics:
+ 62 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607)
+ 42 compressed objects within 1 object stream
+ 0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000)
+ 11 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000)
+

Car_Stereo_Replacement/docs/10.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+\documentclass[11pt]{article}
+%Gummi|065|=)
+\title{\textbf{Car Stereo Replacement}}
+\usepackage{graphicx,caption}
+%\author{Steak Electronics}
+\date{02/13/20}
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\section{Overview}
+Replacing a car stereo. I could just go to ebay, and buy a used car stereo, but where's the fun in that? Let's DIY a car stereo from a PCB used as a frontplate, a connector for my vehicle, and an audio amplifier. I'll connect in signal from an audio player.
+
+\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{../pics/DSCN2180.JPG}
+\captionof{figure}{PCB rev 1}
+
+\section{Items Included}
+I thought I would include the following:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Arduino Nano
+\item Voltage and Gnd Breakout
+\item I2C Display
+\item Voltage Readout (of BAT)
+\item Current Readout (being drawn)
+\end{itemize}
+I also wanted to have the connectors that eurorack and synth designers use for mono audio cables, but the cables turned out too expensive. The current readout didn't work initially, and I haven't gotten to fixing it yet.
+\subsection{I2C OLED display}
+Just for fun, I bought an I2C oled display and am going to use it to display something.\footnote{It's an Arduino Uno, you can put almost anything on this.} Notes on this:
+Using the adafruit SSD1306 and GFX library (this procedure is well covered in other places), you can load an example sketch and get it running. First thing to change is to remove the Adafruit logo and replace it with my own. Let's do that.
+
+From https://design.goeszen.com/convert-image-for-oled-display.html
+\begin{verbatim}
+I'm on Linux here and found that the readily-available 
+ImageMagick package will do the trick for you without
+ any scripting. And runs on the CLI! Simple as that:
+
+    convert some_image.png some.image.mono
+\end{verbatim}
+That's efficient. But it didn't really work out. Too much work, I don't need it that bad. Have to convert it to something the c compiler can read. I instead, just deleted their logo. Good enough for now.
+\subsection{Internal AVR Temperature Sensor}
+
+I setup the code to read from the internal temp sensor on the duino. However there is also this:
+
+https://thecavepearlproject.org/2019/02/25/no-parts-temperature-measurement-with-arduino-pro-mini-to-0-005c-or-better/
+
+This would be something to do for more resolution. The built in sensor is not very good, so this above link would be great. Hack a day also covers it. 
+
+\section{Wiring Pinout is wrong on Internet - Cable has labels}
+I looked at the picture I have detailing the pinout of my car connector (Delco Delphi radio wiring diagram.jpg in resources). It's close, but not 100\% correct. I found that the cable itself has small text labels on each wire which explain which everything does. I didn't notice earlier, as I didn't look close enough (and no one mentioned this).
+
+\section{Arduino VReg Blowout}
+I had a knock off Arduino Nano, and the vreg blew out. I have some other vregs to replace it. I didn't have this problem with an Uno that I use as a ceiling dome light. Although that one is not left on as long, usually. 
+
+\section{Amplifier}
+The amplifier I used is one of the cheapest avialable on ebay. I'm not proud. I'm poor. I had to take it apart, and reseat the amplifier ICs as the tab was not making contact with the chassis for one of them. I also added thermal paste. This amp is underpowered for my car, and may need replacing. It gets a bit hot.
+
+Some other issues with this amplifier are that the output connectors can get pushed back, there is only one output connector option, and it must run on battery power, as a 12V 1A or 2A will not power it. Finally, there is a 6V DC bias on output. No output audio isolation, which means you get car noise.
+
+\section{AC Audio Coupling to Remove DC Noise from Auto}
+I had some fun with this one. Many videos on this in the video folder. I started with the speakers being directly fed by the amplifier. This worked, but there was some noise coming through. Cars are noisy, this is not surprising. I would've preferred the amplifier to isolate the outputs, but no luck... At this point, I considered two options to block DC and allow AC. 1) Use a transformer. 2) Use capacitors.\footnote{A third option would've been to use a second set of batteries, but that would be laborious.}
+
+\subsection{Ground Isolator}
+I had been given a Ground isolator, which was two small transformers on a pcb intended to pass audio from a car powered signal source into the car speakers. I tried this isolator on the output of the speakers, and while it worked, the volume was lower, and it was impractical. I knew as soon as I heard the volume, that the issue was an impedance matching problem. The transformers were too small. They were intended for signal sources, not amplifier outputs. Onto option \#2.
+
+\subsection{Capacitor Audio Coupling}
+My initial thoughts here were: ``Let's be careful and use non polarized caps''. I bought some 0.22uf and 0.022uf polyester film capacitors at Electronics Plus, the local radioshack replacement, and tried them. No sound. After adjusting the connectors on the amp (which were admittedly loose - it's easy to push them back on the amplifier if you are not careful) I found that the capacitors didn't work. One problem was evident in the oscope. I only used one capacitor on the + output of the speaker amp, but the Amp biases the signal 6 volts. So I needed two. After that was resolved, the signal came through on the output of the capacitor, as viewed on the scope, however there was no sound output. I tried the safe way. It's time to break some rules. 
+
+I grabbed some 1uf (electrolytic polarized) caps I had, and tried these. Again, no sound. Not giving up, I grabbed some 1000uf 'lytics, and tried once more. Now it worked.
+
+\subsubsection{Impedance / ESR of capacitors failing to pass enough power of signal}
+Capacitors are rated for impedance. Some data sheets also call this ESR, it appears after a quick look. It's either in there as impedance or ESR. It's not initially an issue if you are using the capacitor as a DC reservoir, but if you use it in an AC coupling situation then things get interesting. A high impedance, or ESR will block what a low one won't. In this example, it's as simple as the Amplfier either being able to power a speaker or not. Higher capacity caps will have lower impedance. See the picture. Other brands put impedance in a graph, or just call it impedance. 
+
+\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{../pics/esr_impedance_capacitance.png}
+\captionof{figure}{Notice how impedance jumps very fast with a 1uf cap, compared to the higher values. Additionally, different brands will have different impedances for a similar value cap.}
+
+\subsubsection{Wikipedia on Impedance}
+
+\emph{In general, a capacitor is seen as a storage component for electric energy. But this is only one capacitor function. A capacitor can also act as an AC resistor. Especially aluminum electrolytic capacitors are used in many applications as a decoupling capacitors to filter or bypass undesired biased AC frequencies to the ground or for capacitive coupling of audio AC signals. Then the dielectric is used only for blocking DC. For such applications the AC resistance, the impedance is as important as the capacitance value. }
+\begin{verbatim} https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php\title=Aluminum_electrolytic
+_capacitor&oldid=940281525
+\end{verbatim}
+Essentially, what I learned today.
+
+
+
+
+\end{document}

Car_Stereo_Replacement/docs/8.log

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.17 (TeX Live 2016/Debian) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2019.8.17)  14 FEB 2020 02:34
+This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.17 (TeX Live 2016/Debian) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2019.8.17)  14 FEB 2020 02:49
 entering extended mode
  restricted \write18 enabled.
  %&-line parsing enabled.

Car_Stereo_Replacement/docs/9.aux

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+\relax 
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Overview}{1}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces PCB rev 1\relax }}{1}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Items Included}{1}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1}I2C OLED display}{2}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.2}Internal AVR Temperature Sensor}{2}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Wiring Pinout is wrong on Internet - Cable has labels}{3}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Arduino VReg Blowout}{3}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Amplifier}{3}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6}AC Audio Coupling to Remove DC Noise from Auto}{3}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1}Ground Isolator}{4}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2}Capacitor Audio Coupling}{4}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.1}Impedance / ESR of capacitors failing to pass enough power of signal}{4}}
+\@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces Notice how impedance jumps very fast with a 1uf cap, compared to the higher values. Additionally, different brands will have different impedances for a similar value cap.\relax }}{5}}
+\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {6.2.2}Wikipedia on Impedance}{5}}

Car_Stereo_Replacement/docs/9.log

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.17 (TeX Live 2016/Debian) (preloaded format=pdflatex 2019.8.17)  14 FEB 2020 02:52
+entering extended mode
+ restricted \write18 enabled.
+ %&-line parsing enabled.
+**/home/layoutdev/Desktop/code/documentation_general/Electronics_Projects_2019/
+Car_Stereo_Replacement/docs/9.tex
+
+(/home/layoutdev/Desktop/code/documentation_general/Electronics_Projects_2019/C
+ar_Stereo_Replacement/docs/9.tex
+LaTeX2e <2017/01/01> patch level 3
+Babel <3.9r> and hyphenation patterns for 3 language(s) loaded.
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls
+Document Class: article 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size11.clo
+File: size11.clo 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX file (size option)
+)
+\c@part=\count79
+\c@section=\count80
+\c@subsection=\count81
+\c@subsubsection=\count82
+\c@paragraph=\count83
+\c@subparagraph=\count84
+\c@figure=\count85
+\c@table=\count86
+\abovecaptionskip=\skip41
+\belowcaptionskip=\skip42
+\bibindent=\dimen102
+)
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphicx.sty
+Package: graphicx 2014/10/28 v1.0g Enhanced LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/keyval.sty
+Package: keyval 2014/10/28 v1.15 key=value parser (DPC)
+\KV@toks@=\toks14
+)
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphics.sty
+Package: graphics 2016/10/09 v1.0u Standard LaTeX Graphics (DPC,SPQR)
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/trig.sty
+Package: trig 2016/01/03 v1.10 sin cos tan (DPC)
+)
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics-cfg/graphics.cfg
+File: graphics.cfg 2016/06/04 v1.11 sample graphics configuration
+)
+Package graphics Info: Driver file: pdftex.def on input line 99.
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics-def/pdftex.def
+File: pdftex.def 2017/01/12 v0.06k Graphics/color for pdfTeX
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/infwarerr.sty
+Package: infwarerr 2016/05/16 v1.4 Providing info/warning/error messages (HO)
+)
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ltxcmds.sty
+Package: ltxcmds 2016/05/16 v1.23 LaTeX kernel commands for general use (HO)
+)
+\Gread@gobject=\count87
+))
+\Gin@req@height=\dimen103
+\Gin@req@width=\dimen104
+)
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/caption/caption.sty
+Package: caption 2016/02/21 v3.3-144 Customizing captions (AR)
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/caption/caption3.sty
+Package: caption3 2016/05/22 v1.7-166 caption3 kernel (AR)
+Package caption3 Info: TeX engine: e-TeX on input line 67.
+\captionmargin=\dimen105
+\captionmargin@=\dimen106
+\captionwidth=\dimen107
+\caption@tempdima=\dimen108
+\caption@indent=\dimen109
+\caption@parindent=\dimen110
+\caption@hangindent=\dimen111
+)
+\c@ContinuedFloat=\count88
+) (./9.aux)
+\openout1 = `9.aux'.
+
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OML/cmm/m/it on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for T1/cmr/m/n on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OT1/cmr/m/n on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMS/cmsy/m/n on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for OMX/cmex/m/n on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    Checking defaults for U/cmr/m/n on input line 7.
+LaTeX Font Info:    ... okay on input line 7.
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/context/base/mkii/supp-pdf.mkii
+[Loading MPS to PDF converter (version 2006.09.02).]
+\scratchcounter=\count89
+\scratchdimen=\dimen112
+\scratchbox=\box26
+\nofMPsegments=\count90
+\nofMParguments=\count91
+\everyMPshowfont=\toks15
+\MPscratchCnt=\count92
+\MPscratchDim=\dimen113
+\MPnumerator=\count93
+\makeMPintoPDFobject=\count94
+\everyMPtoPDFconversion=\toks16
+) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/pdftexcmds.sty
+Package: pdftexcmds 2016/05/21 v0.22 Utility functions of pdfTeX for LuaTeX (HO
+)
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ifluatex.sty
+Package: ifluatex 2016/05/16 v1.4 Provides the ifluatex switch (HO)
+Package ifluatex Info: LuaTeX not detected.
+)
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ifpdf.sty
+Package: ifpdf 2016/05/14 v3.1 Provides the ifpdf switch
+)
+Package pdftexcmds Info: LuaTeX not detected.
+Package pdftexcmds Info: \pdf@primitive is available.
+Package pdftexcmds Info: \pdf@ifprimitive is available.
+Package pdftexcmds Info: \pdfdraftmode found.
+)
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/oberdiek/epstopdf-base.sty
+Package: epstopdf-base 2016/05/15 v2.6 Base part for package epstopdf
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/oberdiek/grfext.sty
+Package: grfext 2016/05/16 v1.2 Manage graphics extensions (HO)
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/kvdefinekeys.sty
+Package: kvdefinekeys 2016/05/16 v1.4 Define keys (HO)
+))
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/oberdiek/kvoptions.sty
+Package: kvoptions 2016/05/16 v3.12 Key value format for package options (HO)
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/kvsetkeys.sty
+Package: kvsetkeys 2016/05/16 v1.17 Key value parser (HO)
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/etexcmds.sty
+Package: etexcmds 2016/05/16 v1.6 Avoid name clashes with e-TeX commands (HO)
+Package etexcmds Info: Could not find \expanded.
+(etexcmds)             That can mean that you are not using pdfTeX 1.50 or
+(etexcmds)             that some package has redefined \expanded.
+(etexcmds)             In the latter case, load this package earlier.
+)))
+Package epstopdf-base Info: Redefining graphics rule for `.eps' on input line 4
+38.
+Package grfext Info: Graphics extension search list:
+(grfext)             [.png,.pdf,.jpg,.mps,.jpeg,.jbig2,.jb2,.PNG,.PDF,.JPG,.JPE
+G,.JBIG2,.JB2,.eps]
+(grfext)             \AppendGraphicsExtensions on input line 456.
+
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig/epstopdf-sys.cfg
+File: epstopdf-sys.cfg 2010/07/13 v1.3 Configuration of (r)epstopdf for TeX Liv
+e
+))
+Package caption Info: Begin \AtBeginDocument code.
+Package caption Info: End \AtBeginDocument code.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <12> on input line 9.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <8> on input line 9.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <6> on input line 9.
+
+
+LaTeX Warning: No \author given.
+
+<../pics/DSCN2180.JPG, id=1, 803.0pt x 602.25pt>
+File: ../pics/DSCN2180.JPG Graphic file (type jpg)
+ <use ../pics/DSCN2180.JPG>
+Package pdftex.def Info: ../pics/DSCN2180.JPG used on input line 14.
+(pdftex.def)             Requested size: 321.1943pt x 240.89572pt.
+
+
+Package caption Warning: \captionsetup{type*=...} or \captionof
+(caption)                outside box or environment on input line 15.
+See the caption package documentation for explanation.
+
+LaTeX Font Info:    Try loading font information for OMS+cmr on input line 20.
+(/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/omscmr.fd
+File: omscmr.fd 2014/09/29 v2.5h Standard LaTeX font definitions
+)
+LaTeX Font Info:    Font shape `OMS/cmr/m/n' in size <10.95> not available
+(Font)              Font shape `OMS/cmsy/m/n' tried instead on input line 20.
+ [1
+
+{/var/lib/texmf/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map} <../pics/DSCN2180.JPG>]
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <10.95> on input line 28.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <9> on input line 28.
+LaTeX Font Info:    External font `cmex10' loaded for size
+(Font)              <5> on input line 28.
+
+Underfull \hbox (badness 10000) in paragraph at lines 44--45
+[]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10.95 https://thecavepearlproject.org/2019/02/25/no-parts-temper
+ature-
+ []
+
+[2] [3] [4]
+<../pics/esr_impedance_capacitance.png, id=25, 697.10437pt x 421.69917pt>
+File: ../pics/esr_impedance_capacitance.png Graphic file (type png)
+
+<use ../pics/esr_impedance_capacitance.png>
+Package pdftex.def Info: ../pics/esr_impedance_capacitance.png used on input li
+ne 73.
+(pdftex.def)             Requested size: 348.55133pt x 210.84906pt.
+
+Overfull \hbox (13.6647pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 81--81
+[] \OT1/cmtt/m/n/10.95 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php\title=Aluminum_elec
+trolytic 
+ []
+
+[5 <../pics/esr_impedance_capacitance.png (PNG copy)>] (./9.aux) ) 
+Here is how much of TeX's memory you used:
+ 2609 strings out of 494945
+ 41760 string characters out of 6181032
+ 96830 words of memory out of 5000000
+ 5894 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000
+ 10544 words of font info for 37 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000
+ 14 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191
+ 39i,8n,39p,866b,195s stack positions out of 5000i,500n,10000p,200000b,80000s
+</usr/share/t
+exlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmbx10.pfb></usr/share/texlive
+/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmbx12.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf
+-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr10.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/f
+onts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr12.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/ty
+pe1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr6.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/publ
+ic/amsfonts/cm/cmr8.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfo
+nts/cm/cmr9.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/c
+msy10.pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmti10.
+pfb></usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmtt10.pfb>
+Output written on 9.pdf (5 pages, 376875 bytes).
+PDF statistics:
+ 62 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607)
+ 42 compressed objects within 1 object stream
+ 0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000)
+ 11 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000)
+

Car_Stereo_Replacement/docs/9.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+\documentclass[11pt]{article}
+%Gummi|065|=)
+\title{\textbf{Car Stereo Replacement}}
+\usepackage{graphicx,caption}
+%\author{Steak Electronics}
+\date{02/13/20}
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\section{Overview}
+Replacing a car stereo. I could just go to ebay, and buy a used car stereo, but where's the fun in that? Let's DIY a car stereo from a PCB used as a frontplate, a connector for my vehicle, and an audio amplifier. I'll connect in signal from an audio player.
+
+\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{../pics/DSCN2180.JPG}
+\captionof{figure}{PCB rev 1}
+
+\section{Items Included}
+I thought I would include the following:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Arduino Nano
+\item Voltage and Gnd Breakout
+\item I2C Display
+\item Voltage Readout (of BAT)
+\item Current Readout (being drawn)
+\end{itemize}
+I also wanted to have the connectors that eurorack and synth designers use for mono audio cables, but the cables turned out too expensive. The current readout didn't work initially, and I haven't gotten to fixing it yet.
+\subsection{I2C OLED display}
+Just for fun, I bought an I2C oled display and am going to use it to display something.\footnote{It's an Arduino Uno, you can put almost anything on this.} Notes on this:
+Using the adafruit SSD1306 and GFX library (this procedure is well covered in other places), you can load an example sketch and get it running. First thing to change is to remove the Adafruit logo and replace it with my own. Let's do that.
+
+From https://design.goeszen.com/convert-image-for-oled-display.html
+\begin{verbatim}
+I'm on Linux here and found that the readily-available 
+ImageMagick package will do the trick for you without
+ any scripting. And runs on the CLI! Simple as that:
+
+    convert some_image.png some.image.mono
+\end{verbatim}
+That's efficient. But it didn't really work out. Too much work, I don't need it that bad. Have to convert it to something the c compiler can read. I instead, just deleted their logo. Good enough for now.
+\subsection{Internal AVR Temperature Sensor}
+
+I setup the code to read from the internal temp sensor on the duino. However there is also this:
+
+https://thecavepearlproject.org/2019/02/25/no-parts-temperature-measurement-with-arduino-pro-mini-to-0-005c-or-better/
+
+This would be something to do for more resolution. The built in sensor is not very good, so this above link would be great. Hack a day also covers it. 
+
+\section{Wiring Pinout is wrong on Internet - Cable has labels}
+I looked at the picture I have detailing the pinout of my car connector (Delco Delphi radio wiring diagram.jpg in resources). It's close, but not 100\% correct. I found that the cable itself has small text labels on each wire which explain which everything does. I didn't notice earlier, as I didn't look close enough (and no one mentioned this).
+
+\section{Arduino VReg Blowout}
+I had a knock off Arduino Nano, and the vreg blew out. I have some other vregs to replace it. I didn't have this problem with an Uno that I use as a ceiling dome light. Although that one is not left on as long, usually. 
+
+\section{Amplifier}
+The amplifier I used is one of the cheapest avialable on ebay. I'm not proud. I'm poor. I had to take it apart, and reseat the amplifier ICs as the tab was not making contact with the chassis for one of them. I also added thermal paste. This amp is underpowered for my car, and may need replacing. It gets a bit hot.
+
+Some other issues with this amplifier are that the output connectors can get pushed back, there is only one output connector option, and it must run on battery power, as a 12V 1A or 2A will not power it. Finally, there is a 6V DC bias on output. No output audio isolation, which means you get car noise.
+
+\section{AC Audio Coupling to Remove DC Noise from Auto}
+I had some fun with this one. Many videos on this in the video folder. I started with the speakers being directly fed by the amplifier. This worked, but there was some noise coming through. Cars are noisy, this is not surprising. I would've preferred the amplifier to isolate the outputs, but no luck... At this point, I considered two options to block DC and allow AC. 1) Use a transformer. 2) Use capacitors.\footnote{A third option would've been to use a second set of batteries, but that would be laborious.}
+
+\subsection{Ground Isolator}
+I had been given a Ground isolator, which was two small transformers on a pcb intended to pass audio from a car powered signal source into the car speakers. I tried this isolator on the output of the speakers, and while it worked, the volume was lower, and it was impractical. I knew as soon as I heard the volume, that the issue was an impedance matching problem. The transformers were too small. They were intended for signal sources, not amplifier outputs. Onto option \#2.
+
+\subsection{Capacitor Audio Coupling}
+My initial thoughts here were: ``Let's be careful and use non polarized caps''. I bought some 0.22uf and 0.022uf polyester film capacitors at Electronics Plus, the local radioshack replacement, and tried them. No sound. After adjusting the connectors on the amp (which were admittedly loose - it's easy to push them back on the amplifier if you are not careful) I found that the capacitors didn't work. One problem was evident in the oscope. I only used one capacitor on the + output of the speaker amp, but the Amp biases the signal 6 volts. So I needed two. After that was resolved, the signal came through on the output of the capacitor, as viewed on the scope, however there was no sound output. I tried the safe way. It's time to break some rules. 
+
+I grabbed some 1uf (electrolytic polarized) caps I had, and tried these. Again, no sound. Not giving up, I grabbed some 1000uf 'lytics, and tried once more. Now it worked.
+
+\subsubsection{Impedance / ESR of capacitors failing to pass enough power of signal}
+Capacitors are rated for impedance. Some data sheets also call this ESR, it appears after a quick look. It's either in there as impedance or ESR. It's not initially an issue if you are using the capacitor as a DC reservoir, but if you use it in an AC coupling situation then things get interesting. A high impedance, or ESR will block what a low one won't. In this example, it's as simple as the Amplfier either being able to power a speaker or not. Higher capacity caps will have lower impedance. See the picture. Other brands put impedance in a graph, or just call it impedance. 
+
+\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{../pics/esr_impedance_capacitance.png}
+\captionof{figure}{Notice how impedance jumps very fast with a 1uf cap, compared to the higher values. Additionally, different brands will have different impedances for a similar value cap.}
+
+\subsubsection{Wikipedia on Impedance}
+
+\emph{In general, a capacitor is seen as a storage component for electric energy. But this is only one capacitor function. A capacitor can also act as an AC resistor. Especially aluminum electrolytic capacitors are used in many applications as a decoupling capacitors to filter or bypass undesired biased AC frequencies to the ground or for capacitive coupling of audio AC signals. Then the dielectric is used only for blocking DC. For such applications the AC resistance, the impedance is as important as the capacitance value. }
+\begin{verbatim} https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php\title=Aluminum_electrolytic
+_capacitor&oldid=940281525
+\end{verbatim}
+Essentially, what I learned today.
+
+
+
+
+\end{document}

Car_Stereo_Replacement/docs/9.tex~

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+\documentclass[11pt]{article}
+%Gummi|065|=)
+\title{\textbf{Car Stereo Replacement}}
+\usepackage{graphicx,caption}
+%\author{Steak Electronics}
+\date{02/13/20}
+\begin{document}
+
+\maketitle
+
+\section{Overview}
+Replacing a car stereo. I could just go to ebay, and buy a used car stereo, but where's the fun in that? Let's DIY a car stereo from a PCB used as a frontplate, a connector for my vehicle, and an audio amplifier. I'll connect in signal from an audio player.
+
+\includegraphics[scale=0.4]{../pics/DSCN2180.JPG}
+\captionof{figure}{PCB rev 1}
+
+\section{Items Included}
+I thought I would include the following:
+\begin{itemize}
+\item Arduino Nano
+\item Voltage and Gnd Breakout
+\item I2C Display
+\item Voltage Readout (of BAT)
+\item Current Readout (being drawn)
+\end{itemize}
+I also wanted to have the connectors that eurorack and synth designers use for mono audio cables, but the cables turned out too expensive. The current readout didn't work initially, and I haven't gotten to fixing it yet.
+\subsection{I2C OLED display}
+Just for fun, I bought an I2C oled display and am going to use it to display something.\footnote{It's an Arduino Uno, you can put almost anything on this.} Notes on this:
+Using the adafruit SSD1306 and GFX library (this procedure is well covered in other places), you can load an example sketch and get it running. First thing to change is to remove the Adafruit logo and replace it with my own. Let's do that.
+
+From https://design.goeszen.com/convert-image-for-oled-display.html
+\begin{verbatim}
+I'm on Linux here and found that the readily-available 
+ImageMagick package will do the trick for you without
+ any scripting. And runs on the CLI! Simple as that:
+
+    convert some_image.png some.image.mono
+\end{verbatim}
+That's efficient. But it didn't really work out. Too much work, I don't need it that bad. Have to convert it to something the c compiler can read. I instead, just deleted their logo. Good enough for now.
+\subsection{Internal AVR Temperature Sensor}
+
+I setup the code to read from the internal temp sensor on the duino. However there is also this:
+
+https://thecavepearlproject.org/2019/02/25/no-parts-temperature-measurement-with-arduino-pro-mini-to-0-005c-or-better/
+
+This would be something to do for more resolution. The built in sensor is not very good, so this above link would be great. Hack a day also covers it. 
+
+\section{Wiring Pinout is wrong on Internet - Cable has labels}
+I looked at the picture I have detailing the pinout of my car connector (Delco Delphi radio wiring diagram.jpg in resources). It's close, but not 100\% correct. I found that the cable itself has small text labels on each wire which explain which everything does. I didn't notice earlier, as I didn't look close enough (and no one mentioned this).
+
+\section{Arduino VReg Blowout}
+I had a knock off Arduino Nano, and the vreg blew out. I have some other vregs to replace it. I didn't have this problem with an Uno that I use as a ceiling dome light. Although that one is not left on as long, usually. 
+
+\section{Amplifier}
+The amplifier I used is one of the cheapest avialable on ebay. I'm not proud. I'm poor. I had to take it apart, and reseat the amplifier ICs as the tab was not making contact with the chassis for one of them. I also added thermal paste. This amp is underpowered for my car, and may need replacing. It gets a bit hot.
+
+Some other issues with this amplifier are that the output connectors can get pushed back, there is only one output connector option, and it must run on battery power, as a 12V 1A or 2A will not power it. Finally, there is a 6V DC bias on output. No output audio isolation, which means you get car noise.
+
+\section{AC Audio Coupling to Remove DC Noise from Auto}
+I had some fun with this one. Many videos on this in the video folder. I started with the speakers being directly fed by the amplifier. This worked, but there was some noise coming through. Cars are noisy, this is not surprising. I would've preferred the amplifier to isolate the outputs, but no luck... At this point, I considered two options to block DC and allow AC. 1) Use a transformer. 2) Use capacitors.\footnote{A third option would've been to use a second set of batteries, but that would be laborious.}
+
+\subsection{Ground Isolator}
+I had been given a Ground isolator, which was two small transformers on a pcb intended to pass audio from a car powered signal source into the car speakers. I tried this isolator on the output of the speakers, and while it worked, the volume was lower, and it was impractical. I knew as soon as I heard the volume, that the issue was an impedance matching problem. The transformers were too small. They were intended for signal sources, not amplifier outputs. Onto option \#2.
+
+\subsection{Capacitor Audio Coupling}
+My initial thoughts here were: ``Let's be careful and use non polarized caps''. I bought some 0.22uf and 0.022uf polyester film capacitors at Electronics Plus, the local radioshack replacement, and tried them. No sound. After adjusting the connectors on the amp (which were admittedly loose - it's easy to push them back on the amplifier if you are not careful) I found that the capacitors didn't work. One problem was evident in the oscope. I only used one capacitor on the + output of the speaker amp, but the Amp biases the signal 6 volts. So I needed two. After that was resolved, the signal came through on the output of the capacitor, as viewed on the scope, however there was no sound output. I tried the safe way. It's time to break some rules. 
+
+I grabbed some 1uf (electrolytic polarized) caps I had, and tried these. Again, no sound. Not giving up, I grabbed some 1000uf 'lytics, and tried once more. Now it worked.
+
+\subsubsection{Impedance / ESR of capacitors failing to pass enough power of signal}
+Capacitors are rated for impedance. Some data sheets also call this ESR, it appears after a quick look. It's either in there as impedance or ESR. It's not initially an issue if you are using the capacitor as a DC reservoir, but if you use it in an AC coupling situation then things get interesting. A high impedance, or ESR will block what a low one won't. In this example, it's as simple as the Amplfier either being able to power a speaker or not. Higher capacity caps will have lower impedance. See the picture. Other brands put impedance in a graph, or just call it impedance. 
+
+\includegraphics[scale=0.5]{../pics/esr_impedance_capacitance.png}
+\captionof{figure}{Notice how impedance jumps very fast with a 1uf cap, compared to the higher values. Additionally, different brands will have different impedances for a similar value cap.}
+
+\subsubsection{Wikipedia on Impedance}
+
+\emph{In general, a capacitor is seen as a storage component for electric energy. But this is only one capacitor function. A capacitor can also act as an AC resistor. Especially aluminum electrolytic capacitors are used in many applications as a decoupling capacitors to filter or bypass undesired biased AC frequencies to the ground or for capacitive coupling of audio AC signals. Then the dielectric is used only for blocking DC. For such applications the AC resistance, the impedance is as important as the capacitance value. }
+
+Essentially, what I learned today.
+
+
+
+
+\end{document}